Conversion Factors Table

Length

1 m = 100 cm 1 km = 1000 m
1 cm = 10 mm 1 m = 1000 mm
1 dm = 10 cm 1 dam = 10 m
1 hm = 100 m 1 km = 100 dam
1 inch (in) = 2.54 cm 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches
1 yard (yd) = 3 ft 1 mile (mi) = 1760 yd
1 mile (mi) = 5280 ft 1 km ≈ 0.621 mi
1 m ≈ 3.28 ft 1 m ≈ 1.094 yd
1 cm = 0.01 m 1 mm = 0.001 m
1 micrometer (μm) = 1×10⁻⁶ m 1 nanometer (nm) = 1×10⁻⁹ m
1 angstrom (Å) = 1×10⁻¹⁰ m 1 picometer (pm) = 1×10⁻¹² m
1 nautical mile = 1852 m 1 cable = 185.2 m
1 light-year ≈ 9.46×10¹⁵ m 1 parsec ≈ 3.09×10¹⁶ m
1 AU = 149,597,870,700 m 1 light-second = 299,792,458 m
1 thou = 0.001 inch 1 ft = 30.48 cm
1 cm ≈ 0.3937 in 1 yd = 0.9144 m
1 m ≈ 39.37 in 1 mi = 1609.34 m
1 km = 100,000 cm 1 dm = 0.1 m
1 fathom = 6 ft = 1.8288 m 1 league ≈ 4828 m

Mass

1 kg = 1000 g 1 g = 1000 mg
1 UTM = 9807 g 1 slug = 14.59 kg
1 metric ton (t) = 1000 kg 1 arroba (@) = 25 lb
1 lb = 453.6 g 1 lb = 16 oz
1 u (atomic mass unit) = 1.66×10⁻²⁷ kg 1 troy ounce = 31.1 g
1 oz = 28.35 g 1 carat = 0.2 g
1 quintal (qq) = 4 @ 1 metric quintal = 100 kg
1 short ton (US) = 2000 lb 1 long ton (UK) = 2240 lb
1 metric ton ≈ 2205 lb 1 kg ≈ 2.205 lb
1 g = 1,000,000 μg 1 mg = 1000 ng
1 ton = 1,000,000 g 1 kg = 1,000,000 mg
1 troy pound = 12 troy oz 1 troy oz ≈ 31.103 g
1 grain = 64.8 mg 1 kg ≈ 15,432 grains
1 metric carat = 200 mg 1 t = 1000 kg
1 kg = 10 hg 1 hg = 100 g
1 dag = 10 g 1 dg = 0.1 g
1 cg = 0.01 g 1 g = 1,000,000 ng
1 μg = 1×10⁻⁶ g 1 ng = 1×10⁻⁹ g
1 pg = 1×10⁻¹² g 1 fg = 1×10⁻¹⁵ g
1 Mg = 1000 kg = 1 metric ton 1 g = 10 dg
1 lb = 0.4536 kg 1 oz = 0.0625 lb
1 arroba ≈ 11.5 kg (varies) 1 long ton = 1.016 metric tons
1 short ton = 0.907 metric tons 1 slug = 32.174 lb
1 UTM = 9.80665 N·s²/m 1 kip = 1000 lb (force)

Volume

1 cm³ = 1 mL = 1 cc 1 dm³ = 1 L
1 m³ = 1000 L 1 m³ = 1000 dm³
1 L = 1000 mL 1 kL = 1000 L
1 US gallon = 3.785 L 1 UK gallon = 4.546 L
1 US gal = 4 quarts 1 US quart = 0.946 L
1 US pint = 0.473 L 1 UK pint = 0.568 L
1 US fluid ounce = 29.57 mL 1 UK fluid ounce = 28.41 mL
1 oil barrel = 42 US gal 1 barrel ≈ 159 L
1 UK barrel = 163.66 L 1 US beer barrel = 117.35 L
1 ft³ = 28.32 L 1 in³ = 16.39 mL
1 yd³ = 0.7646 m³ 1 acre-foot = 1233.48 m³
1 US cup = 240 mL 1 metric cup = 250 mL
1 tablespoon ≈ 15 mL 1 teaspoon ≈ 5 mL
1 hL = 100 L 1 daL = 10 L
1 μL = 0.001 mL 1 nL = 10⁻⁹ L
1 m³ = 35.31 ft³ 1 ft³ = 0.02832 m³
1 L = 61.02 in³ 1 US bushel = 35.24 L
1 UK bushel = 36.37 L 1 peck = 8.81 L
1 US bucket = 18.93 L 1 UK bucket = 22.73 L
1 tun = 954 L 1 pipe = 477 L

Time

1 hr = 60 min = 3600 s 1 min = 60 s
1 week = 7 days 1 day = 24 hr
1 common year = 365 days 1 leap year = 366 days
1 decade = 10 years 1 century = 100 years
1 millennium = 1000 years 1 s = 1000 ms
1 s = 1,000,000 μs 1 s = 10⁹ ns
1 s = 10¹² ps 1 s = 10¹⁵ fs
1 average month ≈ 30.44 days 1 lunar month ≈ 29.53 days
1 tropical year ≈ 365.2422 days 1 sidereal year ≈ 365.2564 days
1 astronomical hour = 15° 1 full rotation = 360°
1 arcminute = 1/60° 1 arcsecond = 1/3600°
1 day = 86,400 s 1 week = 168 hr
1 common year = 52 weeks + 1 day 1 leap year = 52 weeks + 2 days
1 lustrum = 5 years 1 trimester = 3 months
1 semester = 6 months 1 ms = 1000 μs
1 μs = 1000 ns 1 ns = 1000 ps
1 ps = 1000 fs 1 century = 10 decades
1 millennium = 10 centuries 1 week = 10,080 min
1 workday = 8 hr (typical) 1 commercial year = 360 days (finance)

Pressure

1 atm = 760 mmHg 1 atm = 76 cmHg
1 atm = 760 torr 1 atm = 14.7 psi
1 atm = 10.33 m H₂O 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
1 atm = 1.01325 bar 1 bar = 100,000 Pa
1 bar = 14.5 psi 1 bar ≈ 750 mmHg
1 Pa = 1 N/m² 1 psi = 1 lbf/in²
1 psi = 6894.7 Pa 1 lbf/ft² = 47.88 Pa
1 gf/cm² = 98.06 Pa 1 kgf/cm² = 98,066.5 Pa
1 kgf/cm² = 14.22 psi 1 kgf/cm² = 0.9807 bar
1 MPa = 10⁶ Pa 1 MPa = 10 bar
1 MPa = 145 psi 1 torr = 133.322 Pa
1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa 1 m H₂O = 9806.65 Pa (at 4°C)
1 atm ≈ 1.013 bar 1 bar ≈ 0.987 atm
1 psi ≈ 51.715 torr 1 Pa ≈ 1.4504×10⁻⁴ psi
1 kPa = 1000 Pa 1 kPa = 0.145 psi
1 atm = 33.898 ft H₂O 1 ft H₂O = 2989.07 Pa
1 inHg = 3386.39 Pa 1 in H₂O = 249.09 Pa
1 bar = 100 kPa 1 bar = 0.1 MPa
1 torr = 1 mmHg (exactly 1/760 atm) 1 atm = 1013.25 mbar
1 mbar = 100 Pa 1 mbar = 0.0145 psi

Density

1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³ 1 g/cm³ = 1000 g/L
1 kg/m³ = 0.001 g/cm³ 1 g/L = 0.001 g/cm³
1 g/cm³ = 62.428 lb/ft³ 1 kg/m³ = 0.062428 lb/ft³
1 lb/ft³ = 16.018 kg/m³ 1 lb/in³ = 27,680 kg/m³
1 kg/L = 1000 kg/m³ 1 kg/L = 1 g/cm³
1 g/mL = 1 g/cm³ 1 t/m³ = 1000 kg/m³
1 g/cm³ = 361.27 oz/gal (US) 1 g/cm³ = 433.92 oz/gal (UK)
1 kg/m³ = 0.1335 oz/gal (UK) 1 kg/m³ = 0.1111 oz/gal (US)
1 lb/gal (US) = 119.83 kg/m³ 1 lb/gal (UK) = 99.78 kg/m³
1 g/cm³ = 8.345 lb/gal (US) 1 g/cm³ = 10.022 lb/gal (UK)
1 slug/ft³ = 515.38 kg/m³ 1 slug/m³ = 14.59 kg/m³
1 t/m³ = 1 kg/L 1 g/dm³ = 1 kg/m³
1 kg/cm³ = 10⁶ kg/m³ 1 mg/cm³ = 1 kg/m³
1 μg/L = 0.001 kg/m³ 1 ppm (in water) ≈ 1 mg/L = 1 kg/m³
1 lb/yd³ = 0.5933 kg/m³ 1 short ton/yd³ = 1334 kg/m³
1 long ton/yd³ = 1492 kg/m³ 1 g/cm³ = 10⁶ mg/L
1 kg/m³ = 1000 mg/L 1 g/m³ = 1 mg/L
1 grain/gal (US) = 17.118 mg/L 1 grain/gal (UK) = 14.253 mg/L

Force

1 newton (N) = 1 kg·m/s² 1 N = 100,000 dynes
1 N ≈ 102 gf 1 N ≈ 0.102 kgf
1 N ≈ 0.2248 lbf 1 N = 7.233 poundals
1 kgf = 9.80665 N 1 kgf = 1000 gf
1 kgf ≈ 2.2046 lbf 1 kgf ≈ 70.93 pdl
1 gf = 0.00980665 N 1 gf = 980.665 dynes
1 lbf = 4.44822 N 1 lbf = 32.174 pdl
1 lbf = 444,822 dynes 1 lbf ≈ 0.45359 kgf
1 poundal (pdl) = 0.138255 N 1 pdl = 1 lb·ft/s²
1 kip = 1000 lbf 1 kip = 4448.22 N
1 kip = 4.44822 kN 1 kN = 1000 N
1 metric ton-force = 1000 kgf 1 tonf = 9.80665 kN
1 US ton-force = 2000 lbf 1 UK ton-force = 2240 lbf
1 US tonf ≈ 8.896 kN 1 UK tonf ≈ 9.964 kN
1 daN = 10 N 1 hN = 100 N
1 MN = 10⁶ N 1 d = 1 g·cm/s²
1 dyne = 10⁻⁵ N 1 sthène (sn) = 1000 N
1 ounce-force (ozf) = 0.2780 N 1 ozf = 1/16 lbf

Area

1 m² = 10,000 cm² 1 m² = 100 dm²
1 m² ≈ 1.196 yd² 1 m² = 1550 in²
1 km² = 10⁶ m² 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m²
1 ha = 100 m × 100 m 1 ha = 0.01 km²
1 acre = 4046.86 m² 1 acre = 4840 yd²
1 acre = 0.4047 ha 1 acre = 43,560 ft²
1 mi² = 2.59 km² 1 mi² = 640 acres
1 ft² = 144 in² 1 yd² = 9 ft²
1 cm² = 100 mm² 1 dm² = 100 cm²
1 km² = 100 ha 1 league² ≈ 4.44×10⁶ m²
1 fanegada ≈ 6439 m² 1 caballería (Cuba) ≈ 13.42 ha
1 caballería (Mexico) ≈ 46.86 ha 1 manzana (Nicaragua) = 7000 m²
1 manzana (Chile, El Salvador) = 10,000 m² 1 vara² ≈ 0.6987 m²
1 mi² = 259 ha 1 ha ≈ 2.471 acres
1 m² ≈ 10.764 ft² 1 ft² ≈ 0.0929 m²
1 yd² ≈ 0.8361 m² 1 in² = 6.4516 cm²
1 cm² ≈ 0.155 in² 1 km² = 10¹⁰ cm²
1 mm² = 0.01 cm² 1 dm² = 0.01 m²
1 sitio ≈ 1.4×10⁶ m² 1 alqueire (Brazil) ≈ 24,200 m²
1 hectare = 100 ares 1 are = 100 m²

Velocity

1 km/h = 0.54 knots 1 mi/h = 1.609 km/h
1 m/s = 3.6 km/h 1 m/s = 3.281 ft/s
1 knot = 1.852 km/h 1 knot = 1 nautical mile/hour
1 mi/h = 0.447 m/s 1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
1 km/h = 0.2778 m/s 1 yd/s = 0.9144 m/s
1 km/h = 0.6214 mi/h 1 mi/h = 5280 ft/h
1 m/s = 3600 m/h 1 nautical mile = 1.1508 mi
1 mi/h = 1.467 ft/min 1 knot = 1.688 ft/s
Speed of light = 1.079×10⁹ km/h Mach 1 ≈ 1225 km/h (at sea level)
1 cm/s = 0.036 km/h 1 km/min = 60 km/h
1 m/min = 0.06 km/h 1 ft/min = 0.018288 m/s
1 km/h = 16.667 m/min 1 mi/min = 96.56 km/h
Speed of sound = 343 m/s Mach 1 = 343 m/s (in air, 20°C)
1 mph = 0.869 knot 1 knot = 0.5144 m/s
1 ft/s = 1.097 km/h 1 yd/min = 0.0549 km/h
Speed of light = 299,792,458 m/s 1 c = 1.079×10⁹ km/h

Acceleration

1 m/s² = 3.281 ft/s² 1 mi/s² = 1609 m/s²
1 m/s² = 100 cm/s² 1 ft/s² = 0.3048 m/s²
1 m/s² = 3600 m/h/s 1 km/h/s = 0.2778 m/s²
1 ft/s² = 3600 ft/h/s 1 yd/s² = 3 ft/s²
1 cm/s² = 0.01 m/s² 1 mi/h/s = 0.447 m/s²
1 ft/min/s = 0.00508 m/s² 1 yd/s² = 0.9144 m/s²
1 mm/s² = 0.001 m/s² 1 km/s² = 1000 m/s²
1 g = 9.80665 m/s² 1 knot/s = 0.5144 m/s²
1 g = 32.174 ft/s² 1 m/s² = 1 N/kg
1 ft/s² = 0.3048 m/s² Typical braking = 7 m/s²
Free-fall acceleration ≈ 9.8 m/s²

Energy

1 kcal = 1000 cal 1 cal = 4186 J
1 J = 10⁷ ergs 1 BTU = 252 cal
1 kWh = 860 kcal 1 kWh = 3.6×10⁶ J
1 Wh = 3600 J 1 eV = 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ J
1 eV = 1.6×10⁻¹² erg 1 MeV = 1.6×10⁻¹³ J
1 cal = 4.186 J 1 kcal = 4186 J
1 BTU = 1055 J 1 J = 0.239 cal
1 erg = 10⁻⁷ J 1 cal/s = 4.186 W
1 metric HP (CV) = 735.5 W 1 mechanical HP = 745.7 W
1 HP = 2545 BTU/h 1 refrigeration ton = 12,000 BTU/h
1 refrigeration ton = 3.517 kW 1 J = 1 W⋅s
1 kJ = 1000 J 1 MJ = 10⁶ J
1 GJ = 1000 MJ 1 TJ = 10¹² J
1 international cal = 4.1868 J 1 thermochemical cal = 4.184 J
1 ft·lb = 1.3558 J 1 J = 0.7376 ft·lb
1 L·atm = 101.325 J 1 barrel oil equivalent ≈ 5.8×10⁹ J
1 ton TNT = 4.184×10⁹ J 1 cal = 1.163×10⁻⁶ kWh
1 BTU = 0.2931 Wh 1 BTU = 1055.06 J

Power

1 kW = 1000 W 1 W = 1 J/s
1 W = 14.33 cal/min 1 W = 3.412 BTU/h
1 W = 10⁷ erg/s 1 HP = 745.7 W
1 CV = 735.5 W 1 HP = 550 ft·lb/s
1 CV = 75 kgf·m/s 1 HP = 2545 BTU/h
1 refrigeration ton = 3.517 kW 1 refrigeration ton = 12,000 BTU/h
1 kW = 3412 BTU/h 1 kW = 1.341 HP
1 HP = 1.014 CV 1 CV = 0.986 HP
1 MW = 1000 kW 1 GW = 1000 MW
1 W = 0.860 kcal/h 1 kW = 860 kcal/h
1 BTU/h = 0.293 W 1 cal/min = 0.0698 W
1 ft·lb/s = 1.356 W 1 kgf·m/s = 9.806 W
1 W = 0.00134 HP 1 W = 0.00136 CV
1 MW = 1341 HP 1 MW = 1360 CV
1 BTU/s = 1055 W 1 cal/s = 4.186 W
1 kW = 1000 J/s 1 erg/s = 10⁻⁷ W
1 HP·h = 2.685×10⁶ J 1 CV·h = 2.648×10⁶ J
1 Wh = 3600 J 1 kWh = 3.6×10⁶ J